Day 3: The Materials of Tomorrow

Materials: Coming to Life

While life has been long lauded for its resilience, it is often facile to overlook the seemingly simple mediums that serve as the key to its continuation. This is why materials are integral to culture, life, and science.

As ambiguous as “materials” may sound, their relevance to mankind and the advancement of science and art has been integral. From the Venetians’ primitive use of nanoparticles in colored glass, influencing the art and mentality of the people, to Newton’s discovery of glass’ refractive index, light and colored was taken to the next level. Truly, the curiosity for the unusual has not been sated even in the face of five centuries.

5703-004-594d0c62

Even now, light, with its myriad of potential colors has been a subject of fascination. While color is simply a manner of the absorptions and interpretations of light, it can be harnessed for practical artistic and scientific endeavors.  Either for further analysis on the conservation of the particular molecular structure or to labeling cancerous cells with quantum dots, color brings the unfamiliar and the familiar, allowing new perspectives and visions to be heard and seen. Like Kusama’s journey in finding acceptance for her dotted vision, Da Vinci’s diagrams on the heart valve too did not gain acceptance for a long time.

mitral-valve-11

His designs now inspires new technology in mitral valve repair that’s considered one of the most effective and painless methods of repair. 

Monet, pointillism, Kusama, and Flavin sought the materials of the natural and synthetic world in order to project their images. In order to preserve these images, science and art coalesce with modern technology, including the fadeometer and the process of oxidation-reduction.

The Material of Tomorrow

Beyond the hydrophobic, lies the superhydrophobic. The boundaries of extremes are crossed and in the wake, new technology and possibilities rise. The impossibilities of yesterday become the realities of today: wind, algae and solar power to name a few. Today, we saw algae glow fluorescently in a vial as the speaker’s motions irritated the sample.  

super-hydrophobic

Links:

http://www.davincisurgery.com/cardiothoracic/cardiac-procedures/mitral-valve-repair.html

http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/495677/refractive-index

http://superhydrophobiccoating.com/

http://home.utah.edu/~ptt25660/solar.html

http://www.invitrogen.com/site/us/en/home/brands/Molecular-Probes/Key-Molecular-Probes-Products/Qdot.html

 

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Art in Science

last-judgement-colorborderOver the past few days we have been talking about the relationship between science and art. For one thing, we learned that the relationship between science and art is inclusive. In fact, during the renaissance period, people often held talents in both art and science. Back then the notion of left brain and right brain did not exist, it was just seen as one big brain. And they seemed to accomplish a lot, thinking like that.

Today I learned about an explicit example of the inclusiveness of art and science: the conservation of renaissance art. Giacomo Chiari, the

leonardo_da_vinci

guest lecturer, talked about the painstaking process of conserving a painting as well as detecting imperfections in it. I was quite surprised about how much the conservation process relied on science and technology. The conservationist have to work painstakingly hard with infrared lights and lasers to preserve the art without destroying it. I was also quite taken back by the ability of the conservation machines. For example, in Michelangelo’s famous wall fresco The Last Judgement in the Sistine Chapel, there is no nudity. But conservationist discovered that Michelangelo’s original fresco was free of censorship. By taking minute samples of the fresco and magnifying it, one could see the layer of original plaster and original paint, as well then the ensuing plaster and paint of clothes applied onto the original to garment its nudity. After removing the subsequent layer as well as correcting its deteriorated color, the true original fresco could be seen as it had been 500 years ago. Learning from renaissance thinkers, I realized that there are no boudaries between science and art and that the two of them rely heavily on one another. I believe that there is an incredible lesson that can learned from the renaissance period and if we can attain their way of thought then we to can have a “rebirth”.019852403xleonardo-da-vinci2

Links:

http://www.getty.edu/conservation/field_projects/vitus/

http://www.getty.edu/art/exhibitions/michelangelo/

http://www.getty.edu/art/gettyguide/artMakerDetails?maker=516

http://dsc.discovery.com/tv/doing-davinci/doing-davinci.html

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Stained Glass Nanotechnology

A crimson golden stained glass window.

A crimson golden stained glass window.

                           I’ve often wondered if there was a connection between art, science, and even history. I am thrilled to have discovered that there indeed is. Hearing of how people in Europe incorporated nanoparticles in their lives in one of my lectures blossomed my interest on the subject. After some research, I found that recently announced in nanotech news is the fact that stained glass windows in churches offer air purification properties. Windows painted with gold have the ability to purify the air when the particles come in contact with direct sunlight, according to a team of nanotech researchers from Queensland University of Technology. The glaziers found in medieval forges were some of the very first nanotechnology specialists capable of creating colors with various gold nanoparticles of numerous sizes, says Associate Professor Zhu Huai Yong of the university.

Associate Professor Zhu Huai Yong, from Queensland University of Technology's School of Physical and Chemical Sciences

Associate Professor Zhu Huai Yong, from Queensland University of Technology's School of Physical and Chemical Sciences

Light shining through a stained glass window

Light shining through a stained glass window

Zhu points out those European church windows across the nation are filled with glass colored with nanoparticles of gold. Not only are these windows beautiful and magnificently pleasing to be surrounded by, but also capable of destroying pollutants that are airborne, particularly VOCs that come from newer carpets, paint, and furniture. VOCs are responsible for the “new” smell of many products, but that smell is released with carbon monoxide and methanol: two components that are bad for one’s health. The gold nanoparticles in stained glass windows counteract the bad properties associated with VOCs and destroy them. The byproduct generated from the process is a bit of carbon dioxide which is considered less baneful to one’s overall health. This recent discovery shows significant progress in nanotechnology and in solar powered mechanisms. This finding can be applied to generate environmental and economical advantageous changes.

 

http://www.labspaces.net/8666/Air_purifying_church_windows_early_nanotechnology

http://www.nanovip.com/the-news/279-nanotech-engineered-stained-glass-air-purification-systems

http://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/688

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Keeping your art up to date

07.09.09 UCLA- Everything in this world deteriorates. However we try our best to preserve some of the great masterpieces for the children of tomorrow. Surprisingly, art is one of the harder things to keep preserved according to guest speaker Giacomo Chiari, chief scientist of the Getty Museum.

It seems that its an everyday problem figuring out ways to keep art in a preserved state for future generations. Giacomo Chiari reports that about 98% of the pieces re

quire care they have done to previous pieces but then there is the 2% with new problems to be explored. But the real question in all of this is when does the liability of handling the pieces interfere with actually preserving the pieces?

Giacomo Chiari today talked with easy and insured us that these machines such as XRF’s, Raymans, and Ct-Scans all stay at least 2mm always from the art. However theres the possibility that one of the machines listed above and possibly other techniques have the potential to burn through the art. My response, parallel to Giacomo Chiari’s belief, is that this job should not be left to those who are inexperienced. Giacomo Chari makes the processes with the listed machines sound as if it were a daily walk in the park. And one would guess that it has a high success rate for most of the applications. However there is one Picasso piece and too quickly did the lecture moved on to how sometimes a sample must be taken. So between taking a sample and with the potential to possibly burn a hole though the piece by trying one of the listed machines first, what may be the best idea to go by?

My guess would be to keep the pieces fixated in Nitrogen with ultraviolet protection glass. This should be a more cost effective solution to potentially destroying, and damaging very expensive art. Like stated earlier there is only one piece. And since the true intention of the art owners is originality I’m sure they won’t like samples being taken or paint’s being matched to fix burnt holes. The liability is just too high.

However, it seems the technology and processes in this field of preserving art has come a long way since the 1990’s and now quickly analyzing the art seems to becoming much more common.

http://www.getty.edu/conservation/publications/newsletters/19_2/gcinews14.html

http://www.epa.gov/superfund/lead/products/xrffaqs.pdf

http://www.restorationbyheart.com/beforeafter.html

http://www.medicinenet.com/cat_scan/article.htm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raman_spectroscopy

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July 9, 2009

My presentation group brainstormed and decided on an idea today. When I first heard about how the presentations 167866157_14df90769awere to be done and what they were suppose to be about I was less than enthused. Once my group finally picked a topic and started really going in-depth with it, I became genuinely After a lot of really ridiculous, far-out ideas, we landed on using nano materials to cause skin to glow whenever it is shaken. This would be used in the concerts, the Olympics, and other performance events to make the events look really amazing.
We chose this idea because it uses the science of nanotechnology to enhance art and the viewing of performers. The idea came from two things that we learned about earlier in the week; the fluorescent bunny and the algae that glows when it is shaken. When the algae algaecame up during a lab visit, the only thing I could focus on was how much I hate red tide. Low and behold, that same thing that I hate so much is what my project is based on.
After this whole process was complete, I really had a better understanding about what the point of the presentation was– to open our minds to see that so much can be created and that even though it sounds really outrageous, it could actually happen.
On another note, the lectures and lab visits were really interesting. The curator for the Getty museum came and talked to us about how science is used to preserve art. I thought that was a new, interesting perspective on how the two subjects coincide. We also learned about sol gel which can be used to replace glass and is really beautiful. If jewelry were made out of it, it would be a hit. I felt today was the day I saw the biggest connection between science and art.

gel-sol1

www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Algae

www.sol-gel.com

www.getty.edu

www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_conservtion

www.ekac.org/gfpbunny.html#gfpbunnyanchor

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July 7, 2009

nanotechnology11

Today we did an introduction into nanotechnology. I came to UCLA with extremely limited knowledge on the topic so I am glad that we had this lecture to start of the program. We also had a lecture about the correlation between art and science and even though I am beginning to see similarities between the two, I do not completely understand how they can really work together.
After the lectures, we went to the basement of the CNSI building and learned about the different kinds of microscopes they had. We looked at three: the atomic force microscope, 1cnsi2the scanning electron microscope, and a regular light microscope. The lab was underground so that in the event of an earthquake, the machines, which are very fragile, would not be harmed. It also keeps other movements and noises out which can hinder the pictures that the microscopes take.
While in the lab, there was a large emphasis not on the actual machines ability to take the picture, but instead the individual’s ability to make a good sample. Since the the electron afm1microscope samples have to be put into a vacuum, no living things could go into them unless the water in them was replaced or they were put into liquid nitrogen.
I thought today was very interested and it got me very excited for the rest of the week. The lab visits however, showed me that I would not want to work in a lab because I really dislike the environment. I want to learn about the other aspects of the subject before I make a firm judgement, however.

<http://www.cnsi.ucla.edu/>

<en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanotechnology>

<http://www.howstuffworks.com/light-microscope.htm/printable>

http://www.mos.org/sln/SEM/index.html

www.nanoscience.com/education/AFM.html

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renewable energy

So today was a pretty intressting day. We learned more about renweable energy sources and the impact on how us human beings live our everday lives. I think science that has a huge effect on the average person is definitely the most important. To better the lives of the normal person is to better the society as a whole. I know this might seem kind of random but I also think that the human dependency on new technology to make us lazier and stupider people is not necessary.  The reason we are in a climate crisis is becaasue the invention of cars and the automobile industry when the normal person can walk or ride a bike. What I am saying is should we use technology to get us out of a mess that technology made? This might seem trivial to some people. The answer will be ofcourse! New technology is green, it is better than previous inventions and it will definitely help with current global problems. Do really know for sure?  On more of social level, do people need anymore to lean on?

So back to the renewable energy part, my brother  acutally works at a renewable plant. The funny thing is though, in the lab the man who talked to us said that his solar cells have about a ten percent efficiency level, my brothers solar ccompany has about sevent percent effincy level. The reason is becasue they do no use solar panels, the have mirrors. NOt ordinary mirrors, mirrors that reflect the light onto a a surface in which the inside is filled with liquid. This in turns to pressurized gas which is run through a turbine and made into energy.

http://www.esolar.com/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light_art

http://www.climatecrisis.net/

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qzZDlXji0e0

Solar energy without a solar panel.

Thought this was cool

conventional solar panel

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Day 3

Today we learned a lot about the science behind contemporary art, such as differing color lights and other effects. We learned about three artists in particular: Ksuama, Flavin and Eliasson, whose artistic pieces are characterized by pintilism, lights, and physicality, respectively. This lecture really sparked my attention because I have seen Dan Flavin’s work firsthand in a museum in Los Angeles a while ago. It’s one of the things that I love about contemporary art–that it’s not all just about paintings and sculptures. The use of new innovative materials and methods such as installations, lights, and graphic design has really inspired me artistically.

Our lab visits also included a lot of information about new forms of energy such as electric cars. This reminded me a lot about a movie and discussion I had in my journalism class where we watched a movie called “Who Killed the Electric Car” and had a discussion about alternatives in relation to the oil crisis in our world. A new cleaner form is energy is necessary for the automobile industry. However, I have heard that generating electricity leads to the emission of carbon dioxide, so the idea is not perfect, though I  believe it is one of the best current technologies. We also learned about solar power, in which we were shown algae that can store energy from the sun. I think the use of solar power should be more widespread because it is so readily available, clean, and powerful as long as we find a efficent method of capturing it. My friend’s roof is covered in solar panels, and it seems to be pretty efficient because he doesn’t need to pay the electricity bills. I think in this time and age, people should try out alternative forms of energy that may be  safer for the environment.

 

 

electric car

electric car

 

http://www.lacma.org/art/ExhibFlavin.aspx

http://web.mit.edu/evt/summary_wtw.pdf

http://www.sonyclassics.com/whokilledtheelectriccar/

http://www.solarserver.de/solarmagazin/anlagejanuar2008_e.html

http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1830386,00.html

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Thursday, July 9, 2009

Today we had a guest speaker named Giacomo Chiari who talked about art conservation. It is devoted to conserving and even restoring art for the preservation of cultural heritage. Chiari works at the Getty Museum, a famous art museum in Los Angeles. It was a real eye opener for the techniques and technology used in preserving and displaying art. It is difficult to imagine how much work and money is poured into art conservation.

Something really cool that these people do is actually see behind the outside painting and see the original sketches that the artists did. They use infrared electromagnetic waves to go beyond the outside. With todays new technology, we can take samples of the art and determine the materials used in the paintings. For example, some artists add silver or gold to the paintings. These metals tarnish in the air, forming a black metal. Restoring paintings is a complicated process, and is heavily involved in science.

vacuum-table

I also got to see something called sol gel. Sol gel is another area where art and science greatly coincide. Sol gel can be used to make ceramics and glass. The difference between normal glass and the gel is that the manufacturing of them. Normal glass is made in an extreme heat environment, whereas sol gel is manufactured in room temperature.

SEM image of SOLGEL

SEM image of SOLGEL

Biofuels are being researched and have great potential. They almost replicate the oxidation of glucose in a human body. Enzymes catalyze these reactions to form H2O, and CO2, along with an electric current. There are still a number of limitations being worked on, such as the short lifespan of the enzymes.

sun-2-biofuels

Another alternative energy source being looked at is solar energy. There is research being done that replaces silicon with plastic-like polymers. These are extremely cheap and quite effective. The problem is the polymers degrade within a matter of hours under the sun and with oxygen.

Only time will tell whether any one of these energy sources will produce tangible results. There is potential, but we must wait and see.

http://www.getty.edu/

http://www.solgel.com/

http://www.alternative-energy-news.info/technology/biofuels/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservation-restoration

http://www.energyquest.ca.gov/story/chapter15.html

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Nanomedicine

                 Nanomedicine demonstrates the future of our well-being and health. It is by definition “the medical application of nanotechnology.“ Nanomedicine will employ engineered molecular machine systems to address medical problems, and will use molecular knowledge to maintain and improve human health at the molecular scale. This useful and new technique of medicine offers tools for disease diagnoses, new biological devices, and new drugs and medicines for our world.
                 A discovery made to aid the advancement of nanomedicine was the proud discovery of “vaults.” In the 1980’s, Professor Leonard Rome and his colleagues at the at the UCLA School of Medicine were studyinThe structure of a vault of a cathedral.g the movement of proteins within cells from their site of production to their final destination. These proteins are shuttled in cells in a specialized container called a coated vescicle. A researcher working in Dr. Rome’s laboratory, was separating coated vesicles into highly-purified fractions and found unusual ovoid particles consisting of a single protein. Further analysis established that the particles were unrelated to coated vesicles and were named “vaults” for their structural features consisting of multiple arches such as vaulted ceilings of cathedrals.               

                       The precise function of vaults is still unknown. Their size, shape and location at nuclear pores suggests that they may be a plug of the pore complex. Their hollow interior and role in cancer indicates that they may be carriers. Engineering vaults is a way to change their structure so that they can be used for new things. Like viruses, vaults self assemble and have a large internal cavity. If vaults can be engineered to contain exogenous materials (proteins, nucleic acids, drugs etc.), they may be suitable for use as delivery vehicles.

A vault seen by all angles.

 

http://www.vaults.arc.ucla.edu/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanomedicine

http://www.nanomedjournal.com/

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